3 #certain marks for tomorrow’s exam
# comes only from the following definitions
Nutrients needed by the body: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.
Types of carbohydrates: simple carbohydrates: sugars found in fruits and vegetables, and complex carbohydrates: starch and fiber
Definition of ideal weight: It is the limit of the amount of weight in which less deaths occur and people enjoy good health.
Types of fat in the body: There are two types of fat, saturated and unsaturated.
Types of protein in the body: complete protein and incomplete protein.
Definition of complete protein: Complete protein contains all essential amino acids.
Definition of healthy nutrition: correct nutrition means getting the necessary and sufficient amount of each food.
Note: One of the secrets of your health is having a healthy diet.
Note: The body is able to store a certain amount of carbohydrates, which are stored in the form of glycogen in the muscles and liver.
Tip: Oil and butter are the most well-known sources of fat.
Note: 60% of body volume is made up of water.
Note: Amino acid is the building block of protein.
Fourth lesson – weight control and fitness
Definition of obesity: It is abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat mass in the body in such a way that it endangers the health of the person.
Mechanical factors that cause food spoilage: impact during harvesting, transportation and storage.
The most contamination in food: It is caused by carelessness in the stages of processing, production, storage, transportation and supply of food.
Definition of apple pattern: If excess fat is mostly concentrated in the abdominal area, the person’s obesity pattern is apple.
Definition of pear pattern: If excess fat is concentrated mostly in the hips and thighs, the person’s obesity pattern is pear.
Definition of the law of energy balance: if the calories received from food are more than the amount of calories consumed, the weight increases and vice versa; And if these two values are equal, the weight will remain unchanged.
Note: The ideal weight for each person is different depending on his age, height and gender. Note: The unit of measurement of energy is calorie.
Note: According to the law of energy balance, weight regulation and having an optimal weight depends on two factors: nutrition and physical activity.
Note: Apple pattern is more common among men and pear pattern is more common among women.
Note: The apple pattern increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
The best way to fight against flies is: constant cleaning of the environment, installation of closed net doors and windows, maintaining sewage channels and timely disposal of garbage.
Types of vitamins:
Fat-soluble vitamins K, E, D, A
Water soluble vitamins C, B
Hygiene principles and standards in food: performing a series of actions in all stages, from preparation and production to consumption of food, which prevents contamination and spoilage of food.
Definition of food spoilage: when a food changes in terms of color, smell, taste and taste and its nutritional value is lost or reduced.
We say that the food is spoiled.
Factors that cause food spoilage: chemical, physical, biochemical and mechanical
Chemical factors cause food spoilage: 1- Chemical additives inside food 2- Factors that sometimes contaminate food unintentionally, such as the unauthorized use of pesticides or insecticides.
Note: The food should be kept very hot above 70 degrees Celsius or completely cold below 10 degrees Celsius to stay healthy for a long time.
Note: Microbes, parasites, insects and rodents are biological factors that cause food spoilage.
Note: humidity, time, light and heat are physical factors that cause food spoilage
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