The third chapter: Diseases
Part I: General information about poultry diseases
The diseases that we encounter in poultry farming can be divided into two main groups:
A group of diseases that are caused by a specific agent, such as Newcastle disease, smallpox and growth dynamics. In fact, these diseases are single-factor, and the other group includes diseases and complications that involve several factors in their occurrence, and they are called syndromes, such as acid syndrome.
In relation to the level of contamination and the strength of the pathogen (the severity of bacteria or viruses or the strength of parasitic agents) as well as the condition of the bird during the infection (the state of the immune system, environmental stress, etc.), the infections may cause reduced growth, decreased egg production, symptoms clinical and even casualties.
The second part: single factor diseases
Diseases in this group may be caused by the following factors:
– Environmental and management factors: temperature, environmental gases, etc
– Nutritional deficiencies and food imbalance: lack of vitamins and minerals, imbalance of ration items, etc.
– Poisons: mycotoxins, drugs, insecticides, etc
– Pathogenic agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites
The third part: multifactorial diseases
These diseases are created as a result of the simultaneous action or the entry of several pathogenic or harmful factors into the natural balance of the bird and the disruption of this balance due to the intensification of each other’s effects.
Risk or damaging factors may be associated with any of the following factors:
Environmental factors
Management factors
Nutritional factors
Microbial agents and diseases
Fourth part: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
viruses
Viruses are small pathogenic agents that can only reproduce inside living cells. Viruses are able to change their genomes with different mechanisms, some of these changes will lead to epidemics of infectious diseases with high casualties, such as super-acute influenza of fast-growing birds.
bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled organisms whose size is about microns. Bacteria reproduce by cell division. Some bacteria are able to produce spores in their reproduction process. Proliferation of bacteria in the environment outside the body is also possible.
Mushrooms
Fungi are unicellular or multicellular organisms. Dynamic growth. Immune-weakening factors and diseases can cause fungal infections. Some species of fungi are able to produce toxins called mycotoxins. Mycotoxins can cause poisoning in the host.
parasites
Parasites are organisms that depend on other living organisms for survival. Parasites usually use their host as a food source. Also, some parasitic agents such as scabies can transmit bacterial or viral diseases from one host to another.
@armita97poyan
This post is written by Faridttt