Dear Mr. Fereydoun
Night and time to your liking
With respect to the opinion of His Excellency, I must say that if pakji (lateral deviation of the foot) is caused by the deviation of the bones, especially the tibiotarsus bone, exactly two of the most important factors are the improper sex of the bed and the sudden weight gain outside the framework of the body growth curve.
In other words, if the most important cause is the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet, osteoporosis will develop in the bird, and the poorly developed (quality) bones will not be able to withstand the rapid weight gain of the bird.
In this situation, the force caused by the weight of these hollow bones will change their direction and rotation.
For this reason, this disease is called TTR or Tibiotarsal rotation
If these conditions happen on hard substrates like concrete, because the blows from the animal’s feet are not absorbed and repelled by the substrate, it will aggravate the problem and increase the incidence of disease (just like the bending of a nail that is hammered into a hard surface). )
Therefore, the most important underlying factors of this disease, in order of priority, are:
1. Lack of balance in the amount and especially the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in the diet
2. Improper substrates, especially concrete
3. Rapid weight gain of the bird (before the sufficient quality of the bones)
You can read other cases in the TTR section of the book Diseases of Ostrich Movement Organs
good night
This post is written by Shahraeeny