In what conditions does the need for vitamins increase?
Vitamins A, D3 and E are fat-soluble vitamins and are among the most important and essential vitamins needed by poultry, which are very common today and are widely used in the poultry industry. Although the symptoms of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency rarely occur at early ages, due to the high growth rate of poultry in dense breeding systems, the use of these vitamins at early ages has become common. The absorption of fat-soluble vitamins requires the digestion of fats by digestive enzymes, and if there is a disturbance in the digestion and absorption of fats (for example, in various cases of diarrhea), it will also be effective in absorbing these vitamins. With excessive consumption of fat-soluble vitamins, not only are they not excreted from the body, but they are stored in the liver and to a lesser extent in other tissues of the body and are used when necessary.
Factors affecting the need for vitamins:
1- Infections: Infections (viral and bacterial) cause stress by increasing metabolic activity. Also, in infections, immune responses are generated to eliminate invading organisms. B vitamins are essential for increasing metabolic activities and vitamins E and C for specific immune system activities.
2- Intestinal parasites: while reducing the absorption of all vitamins, parasites also compete with the host to receive and absorb vitamins due to damage to the intestinal mucosa.
3- Diarrhea: In diarrhea, due to the fast passage of food in the digestive tract, the time needed to absorb vitamins is reduced.
4- Anorexia: Anorexia reduces the intake of vitamins while reducing food intake.
5- Coccidiosis: In addition to having the same effect as other parasites, coccidiosis reduces the absorption of all vitamins, especially vitamin A, by destroying the lining of the intestinal mucosa and consuming the precursor of vitamin A (carotenoid).
6- Hepatitis: In liver disorders, the conversion of vitamin D3 into its active form is reduced, and since the liver is the main organ for storing vitamins and enzymes necessary for the activation of some vitamins, the storage and activation of these vitamins is also reduced.
7- Mycotoxins: The main effects of mycotoxins include damage to the liver, kidney, and intestinal epithelium, which causes the absorption of soluble vitamins to be impaired, as well as the conversion of vitamin D3 to its active form. Also, the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) decreases.
8- General bacillosis: In this disease, the immune response and the physiological response increase the metabolism and, as a result, increase the need for group B vitamins. Also, vitamins E and C are essential for humoral immunity (production of antibodies) and cellular immunity (production of immune cells or white blood cells).
9- Gamboro’s disease: Vitamin E and its increase are important in creating immunity to this disease.
10-Spicy fats: oxidized fats inactivate biotin (vitamin B7) and destroy fat-soluble vitamins (AD3E).
11- Medicines: Sulfonamide drugs increase the need for vitamin K, folic acid (vitamin B9) and biotin (vitamin B7), and amprolium increases the need for thiamine (vitamin B1).
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This post is written by MohammadH555