signature; The main document is normal
The attributed signature is a normal document element, which is done under the document and usually in the document itself. In this case, Article 1304 of the Civil Code stipulates: “When a pledge is not signed in the pledge itself and is written separately, that pledge is evidence against the signatory; In case it is clear in the writing which obligation or transaction it is related to.” Although in many legal articles, the word signature is stated in its general meaning and in fact it is used to mean the execution of the legal will of individuals, with the description of the separation of the presentation method. And it is necessary to explain this legal will in the form of a signature or a fingerprint. In a comprehensive definition, a signature can be defined as follows: a signature consists of writing the name or family name or both, or drawing a special mark that indicates the identity of the owner of the mark on the bottom of the document. and documents (normal or official) that imply the occurrence of a transaction or commitment or confession or testimony and the like. As a result, on the one hand, the lack of mention of “fingerprint” in articles 1291 and 1293 of the Civil Code should not be considered as an indication of its invalidity; On the other hand, although Article 1293 of the Civil Code declares the signature to be an element of a normal document, the legislator has considered writing without a signature as a document as well. (Article 14 of the Commercial Law and Article 1297 of the Civil Code) In other cases that the law makes an exception, the signature attributed to him is a normal part of the document. As a result, considering this exception, any citation document that does not have any of the conditions of an official document, but has an attributed signature, is considered a normal document. When a normal document has multiple copies, each of them is valid if have the original signature. In fact, the authenticity of the original version is not related to the authenticity of the version that has a copy of the signature attributed to him, and if its authenticity is attacked, the referrer can face difficulties in proving its authenticity.
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