Hello
The explanation of the application conditions for PhD in Europe is in the group. Search in the pinned messages, I have put the complete link and information.
In general, admission with funding for doctorate in Europe is based on position and you have to find and apply for a position in different ways. It can be found from the sites that post positions, or the university’s own site, or directly from the professor himself. But emailing the professor is not the main way, and if I get an answer, they usually refer me to the same position.
In these countries that you mentioned, the appearance of the positions may be a little different, but basically they are the same 4-year full-funded PhD course, which includes a thesis and one-time teaching. For example, in most countries, the title of the position is the title of the thesis that is supposed to be the method of work. But in Austria, it is written as university assistant, which is the responsibility of the student to choose the exact subject.
Usually, for the CV application, motivation letter (according to the position), translation of transcripts and encyclopedia are read. Other documents can be added, such as a proposal, language score, and recom. It depends on the university and the country.
In case of receiving funds, usually the living expenses of the first one or two months are taken as allowance. How to declare and the amount depends on the country and its embassy.
Most countries allow 5-10 years of residence with work and sometimes language (depending on the country). Switzerland has the longest time, but most of them are in the range of 5-6. Some countries count the doctoral course (which is fully funded and taxes are paid from your salary, or the university automatically deducts) from this period. Some countries like Belgium count half of this period.
This post is written by MmMohammadi