8) If the door does not open after pressing the door handle, what is the sign that we are looking for an obstacle to open the door?
Accepting the principle of causality without its branches.
The state of equality of nature with existence and non-existence, before the existence of the cause.
Accepting the necessity of cause to effect
Accepting the fact that any effect arises from any cause
9) Which of the ancient Greek philosophers used the word “happening” and in what context did he use it?
Heraclitus – the accidental emergence of man as a result of the transformations of nature.
Democritus – The origin of living organisms that accidentally adapted to the environment.
Heraclitus – successive evolutions of the first living organisms and the accidental emergence of current organisms.
Democritus – accidental collision of atoms and wandering particles for the origin of elements and objects of the world.
10) What is the main basis of Descartes’ argument to prove the existence of God?
Existence of order in the natural world
The existence of an idea of an infinite being.
The existence of a world beyond matter
Significant threat to life.
11) the entity that is related to the predicate of existence. They are saying abstinence.
definite
possible
Necessary
impossible
12) Descartes says that every human being is born with an understanding of the relationship of causality, and understanding this relationship requires experience and education.
correct
False
13) According to Kant, responsibility and moral principles have meaning only where .
God has commanded to observe them.
Human society should be purposeful.
cause virtue and results.
Man has will and authority.
14) Which philosopher is the proof of movement and what is the subject stated in the proof?
Plato – the impossibility of sequence.
Aristotle – the impossibility of sequence.
Plato – proof of the existence of God
Aristotle – proof of the existence of God
15) according to Cottingham. It caused the previous common arguments among philosophers to prove the existence of God to be reduced. .
The crisis of the meaning of life – accept God instead as the axis of giving meaning to life.
The crisis of the meaning of life – arguments based on the religious experience of love and mysticism will increase.
Growth of empiricism – accept the benefits of belief in God for humans as the cause of belief in God
The growth of empiricism – Instead, arguments based on experience such as the order argument will become popular.
16) The beings of the world cannot exist according to their essence, but because they exist now, they are necessary by their essence.
correct
False
17) According to Ibn Sina, how does a person understand the principle of causality?
The principle of causality is obtained for humans through reason and experience.
The principle of causality is a rational rule, but humans use sense and experience to discover the cause of an incident in most cases.
The principle of causality is a rational rule and humans are familiar with this rule since birth.
Man’s knowledge of the principle of causality is done through reason, and knowledge of natural causes is possible only through experience.
18) Which option is not consistent with Plato’s views on the description of God?
There is a kind of existence that is constantly fixed.
God is neither visible nor perceived through the senses.
God is a kind of being that allows other beings to come to Him.
God can be reached only by thinking and reasoning
19) The difference between Greek gods and Plato’s god is in the ignorance of creation
correct
False
20) What is the relationship between the subject and the predicate in the propositions “the sum of the angles of a square is equal to four right angles” and “water is cool” respectively?
Possibility _ refusal.
possible _ necessary
necessary _ possible
Necessary _ refusal.
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