Aminophylline
Consumables
Aminophylline is used to treat irreversible airway obstruction and acute asthma and as a respiratory stimulant in apnea in infants.
Pharmakinetics : Mechanisms
Aminophylline releases theophylline in the body. Absorption is slow after intramuscular injection and may deposit at the site of injection. Drug metabolism is hepatic and is excreted from the body through the kidneys.
Contraindications:
alert
Caution should be prescribed in the presence of acute pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, persistent fever, liver disease, hyperthyroidism, sepsis, and epileptic disorders.
Complications
Tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, forgetfulness, arrhythmias and seizures may be observed, especially in cases of rapid intravenous injection. In addition, ethylene diamine in aminophylline can cause rashes, hay fever, skin rashes or inflammation of the skin.
Points
1. Aminophylline should not be mixed with other drugs in a syringe.
2. Intramuscular injection of the drug is highly driven. Aminophylline should be injected very slowly (at least over 20 minutes) intravenously.
Consumption rate ⏺
Adults: As a bronchodilator, 700 mcg/kg per hour is infused in smokers and 400 mcg/kg per hour in non-smokers. For elderly patients or those with heart or liver failure, 200 mcg/kg is infused.
Children: In premature infants and younger than 24 days, 1 mg/kg is infused every 12 hours. In premature infants and older than 24 days, 5 mg/kg1/5 every 12 hours and for normal infants up to 52 weeks of age daily
mg/kg] 5 + (age by week) × 0.2] is infused. For normal infants up to 26 weeks of age, the full dose is prescribed in 3 divided doses daily (every 8 hours), and for normal infants aged 52-26 weeks, the full dose is prescribed in 4 divided doses daily (every 6 hours). .
Intravenous infusion is given in children 1-9 mcg/kg per hour and in children 16-9 years mcg/kg/kg per hour.
In the case of long-term prescribing, it is recommended to measure the serum concentration of theophylline and assess the patient’s response to it to achieve the appropriate therapeutic concentration and minimize the risk of toxicity.
Interference
Concomitant administration of cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, propranolol, and thiabendazole with aminophylline is likely to increase the concentration of its active metabolite. Concomitant administration of phenytoin and rifampicin with theophylline and smoking cigarettes or tobacco is likely to reduce its concentration by stimulating metabolism. Concomitant administration of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers may inhibit the specific dilating effects of the drug. Concomitant use of ketamine may reduce the threshold of epilepsy attacks.
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