#Microbiology
Section: Theory
Subject: blood infection
The presence and proliferation of microorganisms in the blood that cause blood infection, Sepsis or Septicemia
These microorganisms are part of the normal flora of the body, they are located where they should not be, for example, they should be in the skin, but they were seen in the blood, and this means sepsis.
So we have two situations
Extracorporeal sepsis
Intracorporeal sepsis is common among opportunistic normal flora and in people with immunodeficiency and special problems
A person who gets first sepsis is called SIRS
(Systemic inflammatory response syndrome)
that the sick person has a systemic inflammatory response in his body, which is called SIRS, so if a person gets sepsis, it has 3 phases
1. Initial: In this phase, a person may have a series of symptoms
Fever: above 38° or below 36°
Cardiac: Heart rate above 90 beats per minute
Pulmonary: Respiration rate above 20 in a person
WBC number: above 12000 or below 4000
‼ A person whose neutrophils are more than 10%
2.Severe sepsis phase: The patient has entered the severe and possible sepsis phase
Organ failure
Hypoperfusion
Hypotension (HTN)
3.Sepsis shock phase: also called death phase. In this case, when the balance between water and electrolyte is done, the person will suffer from HTN, which will not be cured by fluid replacement
There are two types of blood infections
1. Hospital acquisition
(Healthcare associated infections) HAIs:
The patient has been infected for at least 48 hours since admission and has a blood infection, it can be due to several reasons
After all, the atmosphere in the hospital is polluted and the person may get sepsis
Through the procedure:
1_ Continuous injection to the patient
2_ Catheters
3_ Placing equipment in the patient’s body
Microbiota:
For example, bacteria in the intestine are normal flora, but due to abdominal surgery, they reach the blood and cause sepsis
2. Community acquisition
(Community acquired bloodstream infections) CA_BSIs:
The patient was taken from the community 48 hours ago
which are divided into three groups
Immunocompromised people:
They are often resistant to antibiotics
People with tissue damage such as: abscess:
They are often resistant to antibiotics
Healthy people:
They are sensitive to antibiotics and if they get sausage, they will be fine
Types of sepsis
Bacterial:
The most common:
coli, staph and pneumococcus
News:
Campylobacter
Some Clostridium such as: Septicum and Tertium
Some streps, such as: Gallolyticus (bobovis)
Aeromonas hydrophilia
Plesiomonas shigeloidis
If a person goes to the laboratory and has no symptoms and the blood culture is positive and that pathogen is related to cancer and neoplasm, it is a warning sign and the doctor should be informed immediately, for example, Boies is the cause of colon cancer.
Types of bacteremia:
1⃣ Transient:
It is not dangerous unless the person has an immune deficiency or a problem
2⃣Permanent:
It means that they always have bacteria with a specific rate in their blood, which usually occurs as a result of endocarditis, and it is dangerous in people who have defects.
For example: typhoid fever, brucellosis and leptospirosis.
3⃣Temporary:
They have bacteremia at regular intervals
For example: arthritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis and pneumonia are seen
In elderly people, inobacteremia is very important
Mushroom:
The most common: Candida, especially albicans species
Uncommon: Malassezia foraform, especially in children, infants, and especially those who are breastfeeding.
Histoplasma attacks WBC and does not cause sepsis
If the sepsis infection is fungal, it is a big problem because
The size is big and the safety can’t be beat
Resistant antibiotics
The membrane prevents the effect of the antibody
parasite:
– common tri-toxoplasma gondii
‼ People with defects in cellular immunity are troublesome for them
News:
Wucheria, Microfilaria, Babesia and Plasmodium
Diagnosing sepsis in parasites is easy under a microscope, unlike bacteria
Virus:
They enter the blood very easily and are easily recognized
In general, dangerous sepsis: bacteria and fungi
@Probe_Lab
This post is written by Amer_7798